再论第三种自由概念

无论是基于伯林的概念框架，还是超出伯林的概念框架，对第三种自由概念的可能性及其成立依据的探究已经成为当代政治哲学的一个重要生长点。就自由平等主义而言，我们可以把关于消极自由的定义以及自由的价值问题的争辩，从理论上落实为罗尔斯的基本自由权理论对于自由问题上内外两种路径的整合；就公民共和主义而言，价值多元论仍然是提出第三种自由概念时必须正视的挑战和重建其自由理论的平台，而自由的原子层次和分子层次的区分又为调和自由平等主义和公民共和主义提供了一种有效的概念手段；就哈贝马斯与罗尔斯之争而言，围绕私人自主和公共自主以及所谓更高阶的政治自主性所展开的争论和回应，所指向的乃是政治哲学对于透明性理想的追求。

Revisiting the Third Concept of Liberty

The exploration of the possibility and theoretical validity of the third concept of liberty, be it framed on the basis of Berlin’s conceptualization or not, has become an important theme in contemporary political philosophy. This essay first discusses the debate around the negative liberty and the value of liberty from the perspective of internal and external problems of liberty. It interprets Rawls’ theory of basic liberties as the integration of internality and externality. Then with an investigation of two critiques of liberty as non-domination, the essay argues that the value pluralism remains a challenge of republicanism and serves as a platform on which republican liberty theory is to be rebuilt. The essay also introduces the distinction between the atomic and molecular levels and illustrates its incremental and enlightening implications for the exploration of the third concept of liberty. Based on the aforementioned arguments, the essay further analyzes various views and responses around Habermas’ “private autonomy and public autonomy as the co-originality” and the conception of high-level political autonomy in contemporary political philosophy. It clarifies the deeper tensions developed by the exploration of the third concept of liberty and concludes that the theoretical motivation of such an exploration is the political philosophical pursuit of the ideal of transparency.