4-Nitrobenzylamine partially intercalated into graphite powder and multiwalled carbon nanotubes: characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ atomic force microscopy |
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| Authors: | Wildgoose Gregory G Hyde Michael E Lawrence Nathan S Leventis Henry C Jiang Li Jones Timothy G J Compton Richard G |
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| Institution: | Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. |
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| Abstract: | We report the characterization of partial intercalation of 4-nitrobenzylamine (4-NBA) into edge-plane or edge-plane-like defect sites on the surface of both graphite powder and "bamboo-like" multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By comparing the XPS spectra of 4-NBA derivatized graphite powder and MWCNTs with that of graphite powder treated with benzylamine in a similar fashion, we conclude that benzylamine itself does not undergo partial intercalation. Using in situ atomic force microscopy, we are able to observe the partial intercalation of 4-NBA into an edge-plane-like "step" defect on the surface of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite crystal in real time. Together these observations provide further evidence for the partial intercalation of 4-NBA and lead us to propose a new hypothesis to explain this phenomenon. |
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