车用燃料电池启停工况性能衰减

车用燃料电池(质子交换膜燃料电池)技术经过二十余年的持续研发和不断突破,使得燃料电池汽车性能基本满足了商业化指标,并成为当前备受瞩目的新能源汽车。然而,质子交换膜燃料电池伴随实际车况变化会经历燃料供应、湿度、温度、电流、电压等复杂循环过程,造成燃料电池的关键材料衰减加速,并且车用燃料电池的耐久性问题棘手且涉及面广。本文针对车用燃料电池的启停工况,归纳分析了启停工况下燃料电池的研究过程、衰减机理、实验论证、建模分析,并从燃料电池系统管理角度分析了启停衰减的缓解策略。通过对已有启停工况下质子交换膜燃料电池性能衰减失效的梳理,提出了本文的观点、分析和解释。

The performance degradation study of vehicle fuel cell under start-stop operating mode

Through the great combined efforts in the last two decades all over the world, the technology of PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) for automobile application have attained breakthrough, leading to the first market launch of Mirai fuel cell vehicle by Toyota in December 2014. The PEMFC vehicles have become a Green New Energy automobile and obtained extensive attention. However, at the automobile operating mode, PEMFC will suffer various cycles, such as humidification, temperature, fuel supply, current, voltage et al. It will cause the PEMFC key materials degradation and the durability of PEMFC decreases. Thereby the life time of PEMFC is a main obstacle for PEMFC vehicles large-scale diffusion. The vehicle PEMFC lifetime involve massive scale of problems and this review focused on the automobile Start-Stop operating mode. The study approaches, degradation mechanism, experimental verification, modeling analysis of PEMFC under the start-stop operating mode were reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the mitigation strategies were also reviewed from the perspective of fuel cell system management. Finally, some viewpoint, query, analysis and explanation of the problem were provided based on the above review.