Control of structural and excitonic properties of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots

A systematic dependence of excitonic properties on the size of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots is presented. The bright exciton fine-structure splitting changes from negative values to more than 0.5 meV, and the biexciton binding energy varies from antibinding to binding, as the height of truncated pyramidal dots increases from 2 to above 9 InAs monolayers. A novel mode of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy was developed for growing such quantum dots with precise shape control. The dots consist of pure InAs and feature heights varying in steps of complete InAs monolayers. Such dot ensembles evolve from a strained, rough two-dimensional layer with a thickness close to the critical value for the onset of the 2D–3D transition. Dots with a common height represent subensembles with small inhomogeneous broadening. Tuning of subensemble emission energy is achieved by varying the mean lateral extension of the respective QDs. Detailed knowledge of the structural properties of individual dots enable realistic k·p calculations to analyze the origin of the observed excitonic properties. The binding energies of charged and neutral excitons increase due to correlation by the gradually increasing number of bound states for increasing dot size. The monotonously increasing magnitude of the fine-structure splitting with dot size is shown to be caused by piezoelectricity. The identification of key parameters allows to tailor exciton properties, providing a major step towards the development of novel applications.