Activities and osmotic coefficients of tropospheric aerosols: (NH4)2SO4(aq) and NaCl(aq) |
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| Institution: | 1. Energy Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, TN, U.S.A.;2. School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.;3. Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, TN, U.S.A.;4. Chemical and Analytical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, TN, U.S.A.;1. Chang WR Falls Prevention, LLC, Arlington, VA 22203, USA;2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;1. Institute of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;2. Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;1. Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Ergonomics and Environmental Control, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technology, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, PR China;3. School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;1. Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan Univeristy, Guangzhou, China;2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A-07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore;2. Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Centre for Environmental Sensing and Modeling (CENSAM), Singapore |
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| Abstract: | The theory of multilayer adsorption for concentrated aqueous electrolytes developed by Ally and Braunstein (1998) is used to calculate the thermodynamic activities and osmotic coefficients of supersaturated solutions of (NH4)2SO4(aq) and NaCl (aq) which are among man-made aerosols of atmospheric importance. The basis of the model is the postulate of Stokes and Robinson that concentrated aqueous electrolytes may be viewed as an irregular ionic lattice structure. Application to the electrolytes mentioned above is a special case of the generalized results which are proven (Ally and Braunstein, Braunstein and Ally) to be consistent with the Gibbs–Duhem equation. Calculated thermodynamic properties are compared against experimental data from isopiestic and electrodynamic balance (EDB) measurements. |
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