Three-dimensional photonic crystals as a cage for light

We review recent developments in three-dimensional photonic crystals. State of the art fabrication methods, such as layer-by-layer micromachining, self-assembly and various etching, lithographic and holographic techniques are discussed. We present an overview of optical studies of photonic band gap formation, such as reflectivity, transmission and time-resolved pulse propagation experiments. The fundamental issues associated with disorder and absorption are also considered. Progress towards the ultimate goal of full spontaneous emission control is reviewed. Finally, remaining open questions are summarized. To cite this article: A.F. Koenderink et al., C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 67–77