生鲜供应链中保鲜努力投入及订货定价研究

结合生鲜损耗严重和过度保鲜双重背景,本文在区分保质期和实际有效供货时长的基础上,比较研究了由单一零售商与单一供应商构成的二级生鲜供应链中,两个主体合作与否及主导主体变化对供应链保鲜努力水平和定价的影响机制。研究表明,集中式供应链中,保鲜努力投入随新鲜度(价格)敏感性增强(减弱)而增加,而随有效供货时长增加呈倒U型;供应链的总利润也随新鲜度(价格)敏感性增强(减弱)或有效供货时长上升而增加。分散式供应链中,随新鲜度的敏感性增强,保鲜努力和总利润增加;随价格的敏感性增强,保鲜努力增加而总利润减小;而随有效供货时长上升,保鲜努力先增大后减小,总利润增加。分散式供应链存有搭便车的机会,但因有效供货时长占保质期比例不同,自身投入保鲜努力可能比搭便车更有利。

Research on Fresh-keeping Effort,Ordering and Pricing in Fresh Supply Chain

In combination with the background of severe fresh loss and excessive preservation, on the basis of distinction between quality guarantee period and actual effective delivery time length, a comparative study of two level fresh supply chain consisting of a single retailer and a single supplier ismade.Whether the two main subjects cooperate and the dominant subject changes or not has an important impact on the supply chain’s freshness, effort level and pricing. The research shows that, in the centralized supply chain, fresh effort increases with the freshness sensitivity, the fresh keeping effort increases with the effective delivery time length and is inverted ‘U’ type. The total profit of supply chain increases with the freshness and actual effective delivery time length. In the distributed supply chain, with the increase of sensitivity to freshness, the preservation efforts and overall profits increase. As the effective delivery time length increases, the preservation effort increases first and then decreases, and the total profit increases. There is a chance of free riding in decentralized supply chain, but since the effective delivery time length is different from the quality guarantee period, with the scale between the two time length changes, it may be more beneficial to conduct self preservation efforts than to take a free ride.