Synthesis and Characterization of the Orthorhombic Sn3O4 Polymorph |
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Authors: | Yang-Shin Liu Akira Yamaguchi Yue Yang An Niza El Aisnada Sho Uchida Hideki Abe Shigenori Ueda Kenji Yamaguchi Toyokazu Tanabe Masahiro Miyauchi |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan;2. Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044 Japan;3. Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148 Japan;4. Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002-14, Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki, 311-0102 Japan;5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20, Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0811 Japan |
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Abstract: | An unexplored tin oxide crystal phase (Sn3O4) was experimentally synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. After tuning the often-neglected parameters for the hydrothermal synthesis, namely the degree of filling of the precursor solution and the gas composition in the reactor head space, an unreported X-ray diffraction pattern was discovered. Through various characterization studies, such as Rietveld analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, this novel material was characterized as orthorhombic mixed-valence tin oxide with the composition SnII2SnIVO4. This orthorhombic tin oxide is a new polymorph of Sn3O4, which differs from the reported conventional monoclinic structure. Computational and experimental analyses showed that orthorhombic Sn3O4 has a smaller band gap (2.0 eV), enabling greater absorption of visible light. This study is expected to improve the accuracy of hydrothermal synthesis and aid the discovery of new oxide materials. |
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Keywords: | Hydrothermal Method Polymorphs Semiconductor Sn3O4 Tin Oxide |
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