The reaction of carbon and water as catalyzed by a nickel surface |
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| Institution: | 1. JET-EFDA, Culham Science Centre, OX14 3DB Abingdon, UK;2. Association EURATOM-ÖAW, Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria;3. Aalto University, Association EURATOM-Tekes, Otakaari 4, 02015 Espoo, Finland;1. Center for Energy Research, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0417, USA;2. Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748, Garching, Germany;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA;1. Laboratory of Green Energy Materials and Storage Systems, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;2. Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials (Taiyuan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China;3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;1. Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;2. Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;3. Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina, United States;4. Central Lab of Solar Energy and New Energy Sources at the Bulg. Acad. Sci., Blvd. Tzarigradkso shose 72, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Kokyungmeon, Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk 38900, South Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea;4. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seoul 02707, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Many of the individual steps which make up the reaction of carbon and water to produce CO and H2 were studied on a nickel foil surface using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Surface graphite and carbide, two metastable surface carbon forms, were prepared by dehydrogeneration of C2H2 and served as reactant carbon. UPS of the graphite monolayer in contact with the metal yielded a valence electronic structure that could be interpreted in terms of the bulk band structure of graphite. The fully carbided Ni surface was active for H2O dissociation with an estimated activation energy ≤ 5 kcal/mol. The reaction of graphitic carbon in contact with the nickel surface and adsorbed oxygen occurs directly without isolated prior breaking of carbon-carbon bonds. The estimated activation energy for the direct reaction was 44 kcal/mol. A different catalytic reaction cycle involving carbon-carbon bond breaking followed by oxidation of the carbide is energetically more demanding. The activation energy for direct carbon-carbon bond breaking was estimated to be between 65 and 70 kcal/mol. Following this demanding step, the reaction between carbidic carbon and oxygen proceeded with estimated activation energy of 31 kcal/mol. |
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