大视场微球透镜超分辨显微成像技术的研究进展

光学显微镜是人类探索微观世界的重要工具，在生物学、医学、材料学、精密测量学等领域发挥重要作用。由于衍射极限的存在，发展更高质量、更高空间分辨率的超分辨光学显微成像技术成为当下研究的前沿热点。基于微球透镜的超分辨显微成像技术有着易于实现、简单直接和免标记的显著优点，发展潜力巨大。但是单个微球的视野有限，且难以进行精确定位。提高微球的可操控性，拓展超分辨显微成像视场的范围，已成为该技术突破发展的核心关键。文中在介绍微球超分辨的成像原理，分析影响成像质量主要因素的基础上，重点总结了国内外团队在拓展微球透镜超分辨显微成像视场方面的最新研究进展。根据微球的操控方式，将研究工作总结为机械接触控制、微球辅助增强层、非接触控制和微球物镜一体化四类进行介绍，探讨其技术特点，并对大视场成像、图像拼接等面向视场拓展的图像处理技术进行论述。最后，提出微球透镜超分辨显微成像技术亟待解决的关键问题、存在的难点与挑战，以及未来开展研究工作的突破点，展望了该技术的发展与应用拓展方向。

Progress in microspheric lens based super-resolution microscopic imaging technology with large field of view

Optical microscope is a vital tool to explore the microscopic world for humans, which plays an important role in the fields of biology, medicine, materials science, and precision measurement. Due to the diffraction limit, developing super-resolution optical microscopy imaging technology with higher image quality and spatial resolution has become a hot research frontier. Super-resolution imaging technology based on microspheric lens has great development potential because it's obvious advantages of being easy to implement, simple operation and label-free. However, the field of view (FOV) of a single microsphere is limited, and it is difficult to locate the microspheres accurately. Improving the maneuverability of microspheres and expanding the FOV of super-resolution imaging have become the key of this technology development. Based on the principle of microsphere super-resolution imaging technology and the main factors for imaging quality, the paper focuses on the latest research progress in expanding the FOV of microspheric lens super-resolution microscopy imaging. According to the control methods of the microsphere, these progresses are summarized into four categories: Mechanically contact control, non-contact control, microsphere assembly layer, and microsphere-objective integration. The technical characteristics of these four categories are discussed, and the image processing technologies for field expansion are also analyzed, such as large FOV and image stitching. At the end, the paper points out the key problems, existing difficulties and challenges for microspheric lens super-resolution imaging technology, as well as the breakthrough for the future research work. The development direction and application future of this technology are prospected.