近红外二区共聚焦显微技术的进展及应用（特邀）

共聚焦显微镜具有较高的空间分辨率和信号背景比，能对生物样品进行三维层析成像，在医学与生物学领域有着广泛的应用。近红外二区（NIR-II，900~1 880 nm）波段的光在生物组织中具有适中的吸收、较低的散射，以及非常弱的生物组织自发荧光，因此，NIR-II荧光活体成像具有大深度、高对比度等优势。点激发、点探测的NIR-II共聚焦显微技术结合了上述二者的优势，在大深度生物成像中具有高空间分辨率和高信号背景比等优点，因此在生物医学领域得到了广泛应用。此综述将从NIR-II共聚焦显微技术的原理出发，阐述其发展进程、以及基于此项技术开展的生物医学成像应用，探讨NIR-II共聚焦显微技术未来的改进和发展方向。

Progress and application of near-infrared II confocal microscopy (invited)

Confocal microscopy has high spatial resolution and signal to background ratio, possessing the capability of three-dimensional tomography of biological samples, and thus has been widely used in medicine and biology areas. Light in near-infrared II (NIR-II, 900-1 880 nm) regions fulfils moderate absorption, low scattering in biological tissues, and weak autofluorescence of biological tissues. Therefore, NIR-II in vivo fluorescence imaging has the advantages of large depth and high contrast. Point-excitation and point-detection based NIR-II confocal microscopy combines the advantages of the two technologies mentioned above and features high spatial resolution and high signal to background ratio in large-depth biological imaging. Therefore, it has been widely used in the biomedical fields. This review summarizes the principle and the development progress of NIR-II confocal microscopy and the application of biological imaging based on it. The future improvement and development directions of NIR-II confocal microscopy are also discussed.