少铅/无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池作为一种新型的低廉高效的光伏材料在近年来备受关注。铅基钙钛矿太阳能电池有光电转换效率高、成本低、易制备等优点,然而由于铅的毒性以及由此带来的环境污染问题在很大程度上限制了其进一步商业化应用。因此人们开发出一系列新型无毒或低毒钙钛矿材料用于制备环境友好的少铅/无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池。本文简明扼要地介绍了钙钛矿材料的结构和形成条件,着重回顾了Sn基钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展历程,对ⅣA族元素Ge,ⅡA族元素Mg、Ca、Sr和Ba,ⅤA族元素Bi和Sb,ⅢA族元素In以及过渡金属元素Cu等取代或部分取代Pb,以及通过调节卤素X与正离子A的组成及配比来调控少铅或无铅钙钛矿材料性能进行了总结,对少铅/无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池器件研究进展进行了综述,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Research Progress of Low Lead/Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

As a new low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaic material, perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in recent years. Lead based perovskite solar cells have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and easy preparation. However, their further commercialization and application are greatly limited due to the toxicity issue of lead and environmental pollution caused by lead. Therefore, some novel non-toxic or low-toxic perovskite materials have been explored for development of environmentally friendly low lead/lead-free perovskite solar cells. ⅣA group elements Ge, ⅡA group elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, ⅤA group elements Bi and Sb, ⅢA group element In and transition metal element Cu are used to replace or partially replace Pb. This article briefly introduces the structure and formation conditions of hybrid perovskite materials, and focuses on the development of Sn based perovskite solar cells. The performance regulation of low lead or lead-free perovskite materials by adjusting the composition and ratio of halogen X and positive ion A are summarized. And the research progress of low lead/lead-free perovskite solar cell devices is reviewed. In addition, their future development direction is prospected.