Formation of Stripes and Slabs Near the Ferromagnetic Transition |
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Authors: | Alessandro Giuliani Elliott H Lieb Robert Seiringer |
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Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università di Roma Tre, L.go S. L. Murialdo 1, 00146, Rome, Italy 2. Departments of Mathematics and Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544-0001, USA 3. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Abstract: | We consider Ising models in d = 2 and d = 3 dimensions with nearest neighbor ferromagnetic and long-range antiferromagnetic interactions, the latter decaying as (distance)?p , p > 2d, at large distances. If the strength J of the ferromagnetic interaction is larger than a critical value J c , then the ground state is homogeneous. It has been conjectured that when J is smaller than but close to J c , the ground state is periodic and striped, with stripes of constant width h = h(J), and h → ∞ as \({J\to J_c^-}\) . (In d = 3 stripes mean slabs, not columns.) Here we rigorously prove that, if we normalize the energy in such a way that the energy of the homogeneous state is zero, then the ratio e 0(J)/e S(J) tends to 1 as \({J\to J_c^-}\) , with e S(J) being the energy per site of the optimal periodic striped/slabbed state and e 0(J) the actual ground state energy per site of the system. Our proof comes with explicit bounds on the difference e 0(J)?e S(J) at small but positive J c ?J, and also shows that in this parameter range the ground state is striped/slabbed in a certain sense: namely, if one looks at a randomly chosen window, of suitable size ? (very large compared to the optimal stripe size h(J)), one finds a striped/slabbed state with high probability. |
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