原油及重油的快速分析技术进展

近年来,随着我国原油加工量的不断增加,加工难度的不断增大,原油快速评价问题日益受到重视.原油评价是指在全面分析原油的物理及化学性质的基础上,对原油的可加工性能及加工过程中可能出现的问题进行综合分析的过程.目前飞速发展的计算机技术及仪器分析技术,为原油快评技术奠定了良好的基础.该文以不同分析方法进行分类,介绍了近红外光谱(NIR)、中红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)及其他分析方法在原油和重油快速分析领域的技术进展.

Development of Rapid Analytical Technologies in Crude and Heavy Oil

Petroleum is one of the most important energy resources on the earth.It is also a kind of chemical raw material with high quality.Petroleum products could be found anywhere in our daily life.In recent years,due to the continualy increasing of nationwide crude oil processing capacity and the increasing difficulty of processing,more and more attention has been focused on the issue of rapid crude oil assay.Furthermore,with the density increasing of crude oil worldwide,the ratio of heavy oil processing in national refinery is increased,leading to more refined and effective processing requirements of heavy oil,so the rapid assay of heavy oil is also urgent.The crude oil assay means a comprehensive analysis on the processing performance of crude oil and the possible problems during the processing,which is based on the comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical properties of crude oil.The traditional methods of crude oil assay are usually time consuming,high sample consuming and expensive,which is not suitable for the field application with high analytical requirements.The rapid development of computer technology and instrumental analysis techniques has set up a good platform for the rapid assay of crude oil.According to different analytical methods,in this paper,the developments of rapid analytical technologies in crude and heavy oil are reviewed,including near infrared-spectroscopy(NIR),infrared-pectroscopy(IR),nuclear-magnetic esonance(NMR) spectrometer and other popular analytical methods.