核酸适配体-目标物的相互作用机理研究与生化传感应用

核酸适配体是一种单链寡聚核苷酸,可通过氢键、静电作用等次级键力与其目标物发生特异性结合,在生化传感检测等领域拥有良好的应用前景。然而当前对核酸适配体与其目标物相互作用机理的研究较为缺乏,成为限制核酸适配体相关领域的基础与应用研究的瓶颈。本文系统综述了核酸适配体与目标物相互作用机理的研究内容,并着重介绍了相关研究方法的原理与应用,包括等温滴定量热、微量热泳动、毛细管电泳、圆二色光谱、表面等离子共振、石英晶体微天平、原子力显微镜、分子对接与分子动力学等。而后,总结了基于核酸适配体-目标物相互作用机理的生化传感检测策略设计的方法与依据。最后,对核酸适配体-目标物相互作用机理研究的挑战与前景进行了展望。

Mechanism of Aptamer-Target Interaction and Prospects for Biochemical Sensing Applications

Aptamer is a kind of single-stranded oligonucleotides, which can specifically bind to its target through secondary bond forces such as hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction, which render it bright application prospect in the field of biochemical sensing. However, at present, there is a lack of research on the interaction mechanism between aptamers and their targets, which has become the bottleneck of basic and applied research of aptamer. In this paper, the research contents of the interaction mechanism between aptamer and target are reviewed systematically, and the principle and application of related research methods are introduced emphatically, including isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, sur-face plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscope, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. After that, the design method and principle of biochemical sensing strategies based on aptamer-target interaction mechanism are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the study of aptamer-target interaction mechanism are discussed.