Experimental confirmation of the predicted shallow donor hydrogen state in zinc oxide |
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Authors: | Cox S F Davis E A Cottrell S P King P J Lord J S Gil J M Alberto H V Vilão R C Piroto Duarte J Ayres de Campos N Weidinger A Lichti R L Irvine S J |
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Institution: | ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, UK. |
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Abstract: | We confirm the recent prediction that interstitial protium may act as a shallow donor in zinc oxide, by direct spectroscopic observation of its muonium counterpart. On implantation into ZnO, positive muons--chemically analogous to protons in this context--form paramagnetic centers below about 40 K. The muon-electron contact hyperfine interaction, as well as the temperature and activation energy for ionization, imply a shallow level. Similar results for the cadmium chalcogenides suggest that such shallow donor states are generic to the II-VI compounds. The donor level depths should serve as a guide for the electrical activity of interstitial hydrogen. |
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