Crinum latifolium mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and their anticandidal,antibiofilm and antivirulence activity |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India;2. Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;4. Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;5. Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;7. Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | Candida spp. is one of the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogens, responsible for 90–100% of mucosal infections. Germ tube formation, hyphal morphogenesis, the production of tissue-damaging extracellular enzymes, and drug-resistant biofilm formation contribute to their pathogenicity, which can lead to systemic infections in the worst scenarios. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover new therapeutic agents to overcome the above virulence factors. Therefore, we aimed to prepare Crinum latifolium leaves-mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that was characterized by various sophisticated techniques, and further their antifungal, antibiofilm, and anti-virulence activities was investigated. The AuNPs show a zone of inhibition between 19 and 22 mm for test strains of Candida spp. at 1000 µg/ml, whereas the MIC values were ranged from 250 to 500 µg/ml. AuNPs inhibit germ tube formation in C. albicans by 93.3% at 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, exposure to AuNPs significantly reduced the secretions of phospholipase, proteinase, hemolysin, esterase, and lipase. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) investigation shows that 25 µg/ml of AuNPs significantly inhibit colonization and biofilm formation. Lastly, the interaction of Candidal cells with AuNPs revealed, ultrastructural changes in the cell wall and cell membranes as visualized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). |
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Keywords: | Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Biofilm Germ tube Hydrolytic enzymes Candida Virulence factors |
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