Probing the steric limits of rhodium catalyzed hydrophosphinylation. P-H addition vs. dimerization/oligomerization/polymerization

The reactivity of secondary phosphine oxides containing bulky organic fragments in hydrophosphinylation reactions has been investigated using several rhodium based catalysts. Upon heating in a focused microwave reactor, HP(O)(2-C₆H₄Me)₂ adds to prototypical terminal alkynes affording a complex mixture containing 1,2 and 1,1-addition products. Addition of a second ortho-substituent (HP(O)Mes₂) completely suppresses the hydrophosphinylation reaction for alkyl and aryl substituted alkynes. Variations in the temperature, catalyst loading, solvent, and microwave power were unable to induce an addition reaction in the case of HP(O)Mes₂. While this secondary phosphine oxide did not participate in the hydrophosphinylation reaction, it promoted the polymerization of phenylacetylene. HP(O)R₂ substrates are not commonly thought of as innocent ligands for rhodium complexes in reactions involving alkynes due to facile hydrophosphinylation. While this is certainly true for diphenylphosphine oxide, the chemistry presented herein suggests that HP(O)Mes₂ and related bulky secondary phosphine oxides have great potential as valuable ligands for rhodium catalyzed transformations involving alkynes due to their lack of reactivity towards the addition reaction.