Thallus structure and isidium development in two Parmeliaceae species (lichenized Ascomycota) |
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| Authors: | Suzana Bissacot Barbosa Silvia Rodrigues Machado Marcelo Pinto Marcelli |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu - SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil;2. Instituto de Botânica, Seção de Micologia e Liquenologia, Caixa Postal 3005, São Paulo - SP, CEP 01061-970, Brazil;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;2. Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;3. Faculty of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, Muang, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand;4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;1. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama;2. Department of Biology, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee 37383, United States;1. Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala;2. Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD, USA;3. Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland;4. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan;2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;3. Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;4. Headquarters of Fukushima, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 6-6 Sakae-machi, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan;5. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;6. Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130118, China;7. Department of Archaeological, Geographical & Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK |
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| Abstract: | (Thallus structure and isidium development in two Parmeliaceae species (lichenized Ascomycota)). Conventional techniques for structural studies under light microscope and scanning electron microscope were employed to describe and compare the histology of thallus and isidia development in Parmotrema tinctorum and Parmelinopsis minarum. Although presenting layers typical of the heteromerous structure of Parmeliaceae lichens, the studied species have very distinct anatomical details including: the type of upper cortex, medulla thickness, hyphal orientation pattern and distinct strata in this layer, variations of crystal shape, color, location and degree of association with medullary hyphae, rhizines thickness and covering by a cortical layer. Isidium formation starts with cortical cell proliferation, which results in a small protuberance on the thallus surface, followed by the photobiont cell proliferation. Medullary hyphal intrusions occur only after the formation of this protuberance. In this stage medullary hyphae grow, ramifying or not inside the protuberance. In a posterior stage, the isidium base becomes constricted, which facilitates its detachment from the thallus. |
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