基于(s,S)库存策略的分销系统最优分配问题

分销系统的运营成本不仅与所采取的库存控制策略有关,也与配送中心在货源不足时的分配策略有关。该文讨论单品种、单配送中心多销售点、周期观察、随机需求的两级分销系统。配送中心及各销售点都采用(s,S)库存控制策略,顾客对销售点的需求过程服从Po isson过程。在给定配送中心向销售点分配策略的情况下,系统的状态转移形成一个离散时间的M arkov链,因此系统的最优分配策略问题是一个M arkov决策问题。采用策略迭代或值迭代的办法,可以求解系统的最优库存分配策略。数值算例表明,采用最优库存分配策略能显著降低系统的成本。

Optimal allocation of a distribution system with the (s,S) inventory policy

The operating cost of a distribution system depends not only on the inventory policy,but also on the allocation policy when the warehouse runs out of stock.A one-warehouse multiple-retailer distribution system with single item was analyzed with the warehouse and all retailers using(s,S) inventory policies.Customers' demands were assumed to follow independent Poisson processes.The system was modelled as a discrete time Markov chain for a given allocation policy.The optimal allocation policy problem was formulated as a Markov decision process.The optimal allocation policy was obtained using policy iteration or value iteration.A numerical example shows that the optimal allocation policy significantly reduces the operating costs.