甲状腺癌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，测定了17例甲状腺癌和23例良性甲状腺疾病术中新鲜离体组织的红外光谱。通过用统计学方法对比分析，发现甲状腺良恶性组织的傅里叶红外光谱之间存在明显差异，其中恶性肿瘤光谱有以下特征：(1)甲状腺癌组织的酰胺Ⅰ带明显红移(P<0.01)，酰胺Ⅱ带却出现蓝移(P<0.05)，癌组织光谱中I_{1 640}/I_{1 460}和I_{1 640}/I_{1 550}较良性组织明显升高(P<0.01)，说明恶性肿瘤不仅蛋白质结构上发生了变化，蛋白质的量化上也有明显变化；(2)与脂类相关的2 955, 2 920, 2 870, 2 850和1 740 cm-1谱带出现概率明显变低，表明癌组织的脂类相对含量降低；(3)与核酸相关的1 241 cm-1谱带明显蓝移至(1 238.29±2.87)cm-1 ，I_{1 080}/I_{1 460}较良性肿物组织有升高(P<0.05)，表明癌组织中磷酸二酯基团中PO₂增加，因为在癌细胞分裂增生加快，细胞核内DNA含量增加。研究结果表明，红外光谱有望成为术中快速诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的主要方法。

FTIR Spectroscopic Explorations of Freshly Resected Thyroid Malignant Tissues

In the present paper, 17 cases of freshly resected malignant thyroid tissue samples and 23 cases of benign thyroid tissue samples were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy with an ATR probe. Statistic analysis indicated that the FTIR spectra of cancerous tissue were significantly different from those of benign tissue. In comparison with normal tissues, the FTIR spectra of malignant thyroid tissues possess the following features: (1) Variation of bands related to protein: Amide I band shifted to lower wave number significantly (P<0.01), while amide II band shifted to higher wave number(P<0.05), and the ratios of I1640/I1460 and I1640/I1550 were raised (P<0.01). The authors can conclude that the amounts and the secondary structure of protein in malignant tissue changed. (2) The peaks at 2955, 2920, 2870, 2850 and 1740 cm(-1) appeared less frequently suggesting that the relative quantity of lipid in malignant tissue decreased significantly; (3) Variation of bands related to nucleic acid: The band of 1241 cm(-1) shifted to (1238.29+/-2.87)cm(-1), and the ratios of I1080/I1460 were raised significantly(P<0.05). The most possible reason for the changes was that the mutation of DNA and the amounts of nucleic acid had increased in malignant neoplasms. Experimental results show that the malignant thyroid tissues can be distinguished from the benign tissues by their infrared spectra. This approach proves that FTIR spectroscopy is a reliable and practicable method forthyroid cancer diagnosis in operations. The authors have expanded their research on detecting the thyroid cancer FTIR spectra via percutaneous and in vivo, and have achieved a positive result which is going to be reported in another paper.