长江三角洲地区污水厂污泥中全氟有机酸污染特征

对长江三角洲地区污泥的分析结果表明：脱水剩余污泥中总全氟有机酸（PFAs）的浓度范围为122-1098ng／g，其中三氟乙酸（TFA）和五氟丙酸（PFPrA，除S13未检出外）一般是污染水平最高的两种PFAs，分别为107-562ng／g和4．41-395ng／g，占总PFAs的12％-93％和0．7％-61％，这充分说明在以后的监测中需要将超短链PFAs纳入检测范围．尽管全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛磺酸（PFOS）的浓度一般低于超短链的TFA和PFPrA，甚至在某些情况下还会低于部分中长链PFCAs，但在绝大多数情况下它们依然是两种主要的PPAs类污染物，浓度分别为2．78-66．9ng／g和1．27-80．4ng／g，占总PFAs的0．7％-8．8％和1％-20％．一般而言，全氟羧酸（PFCAs）的检出率较高，可达92．3％-100％，但是对全氟烷基磺酸（PFSAs）而言，除PFOS的检出率为100％外，全氟丁磺酸（eFBS）和全氟己磺酸（PFHxS）的检出率较低，仅分别为15．4％和7．8％．此外，不同的污水处理工艺可能会严重影响污水处理过程中PFAs污染水平和归趋，造成这种现象的原因可能是不同工艺条件下污泥的吸附性能不同，也可能是不同处理工艺对其前体物的降解转换率不同．

Pollution characteristics of perfluorinated acids in sewage sludges around the Yangtze River Delta

The analysis results of perfluorinated acids （PFAs） in dewatered waste sewage sludges collected from the Yangtze River Delta Areas indicated that the total PFAs concentrations ranged from 122 to 1098 ng/g, while trifluoroacetic acid （TFA） and pentafluoropropionic acid （PFPrA, except for S13, in which was not detected） were generally the two predominant PFAs in sewage sludges and their concentrations were in the range of 107-562 ng/g and 4.41-395 rig/g, accounted 12%-93% and 0.7%-61% for the total PFAs concentrations, respectively. These data strongly indicated that ultra-short-chain PFAs such as TFA and PFPrA should be included in future environmental monitoring efforts. Although the levels of perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA） and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid （PFOS） were not only lower than ultra-short-chain TFA and PFPrA, but also lower than some median- and long-chain PFAs in some individual cases, PFOA and PFOS were still the major pollutants in most cases and their concentrations were 2.78-66.9 ng/g and 1.27-80.4 ng/g, and they constituted 0.7%-8.8% and 1%-20% of the total PFAs, respectively. Although the detection rates of perfluoroalkylcarboxylates （PFCAs） were generally as high as 92.3%-100%, the detection rates of perfluoroalkylsulfonates （PFSAs） such as perfluorobutanesulfonic acid （PFBS） and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid （PFHxS） were very low （15.4% and 7.8%, respectively）. However, the detection rates of the other PFSAs, PFOS, were up to 100%. In addition, the PFAs levels and fate could be seriously impacted by the treatment technologies during wastewater treatment; the possible reasons for these phenomena included the differences of adsorption potential by the sludge produced during corresponding treatment process and/or the differences of production potential from their precursors during different wastewater treatment processes.