Phase shifting at 94 GHz using the electro-optic effect in bulk crystals

We have measured electro-optic coefficients at 94 GHz for several orientations in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃. These coefficients are considerably enhanced over their values in the visible, due to contributions from lattice vibrations. A scaling law is developed which allows the calculation of these coefficients in terms of the linear susceptibility. The phase shifting performance of a number of promising materials is discussed.