与雾霾相关的物理化学现象辨析

近几年雾霾频发,国内外有关雾霾的研究大量涌现,但相关研究主要集中在雾霾的组成、来源以及导致雾霾增强的气象条件及其变化规律等,很少采用物理化学原理进行讨论。作为气溶胶,雾霾涉及沉降与沉降平衡、表面吸附、扩散等诸多物理化学过程。通过构建简化模型并借助物理化学原理,本文对雾霾粒子的沉降与平衡、高度分布、雾与霾的区别、消除雾霾的方法等进行了讨论,得出了一些具有理论意义和应用价值的结论。

Discussion on the Haze and Fog based on the Principles of Physical Chemistry

In recent years, dense haze and fog occurs with increasing frequency in the world. There are a lot of researches on the composition, formation, enhancement and evolution of haze and fog with emphasis on weather conditions and human activities with little concerns on analyzing haze and fog based on the principles of physical chemistry. As a most common aerosol, the occurrence and evolution of haze and fog are closely related to many physiochemical phenomena such as precipitation, precipitation equilibrium, and surface adsorption of water vapor. In this work, the height--distribution, the difference between dry/humid haze and fog, and the effectiveness of wet-cleaning of haze are discussed based on a simplified model using some physical chemistry principles. Some important conclusions with both theoretical and application significances are reached. We believe that our work is meaningful for people to have a correct understanding of haze and fog.