Chemometrics in the assessment of the sustainable development rule implementation |
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Authors: | Aleksander Astel Grażyna Głosińska Tadeusz Sobczyński Leonard Boszke Vasil Simeonov Jerzy Siepak |
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Institution: | (1) Biology and Environmental Protection Institute, Pomeranian Pedagogical Academy, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;(2) Department of Environmental Protection, Collegium Polonicum, Adam Mickiewicz University, 69-100 Słubice, Poland;(3) Department of Water and Soil Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-613 Poznań, Poland;(4) Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia “St. Kl. Okhridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria |
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Abstract: | The sustainable development rule implementation is tested by the application of chemometrics in the field of environmental
pollution. A data set consisting of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe content in bottom sediment samples collected in the
Odra River (Germany/Poland) is treated using cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and source apportionment
techniques. Cluster analysis clearly shows that pollution on the German bank is higher than on the Polish bank. Two latent
factors extracted by PCA explain over 88 % of the total variance of the system, allowing identification of the dominant “semi-natural”
and “anthropogenic” pollution sources in the river ecosystem. The complexity of the system is proved by MLR analysis of the
absolute principal component scores (APCS). The apportioning clearly shows that Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu participate in an “anthropogenic”
source profile, whereas Fe and Mn are “semi-natural”. Multiple regression analysis indicates that for particular elements
not described by the model, the amounts vary from 4.2 % (Mn) to 13.1 % (Cr). The element Ni participates to some extent to
each source and, in this way, is neither pure “semi-natural” nor pure “anthropogenic”. Apportioning indicates that the whole
heavy metal pollution in the investigated river reach is 12510.45 mg·kg−1. The contribution of pollutants originating from “anthropogenic sources” is 9.04 % and from “semi-natural” sources is 86.53
%. |
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Keywords: | Sustainable development bottom sediments heavy metals chemometrics source apportionment |
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