Advanced kinetic tools for the evaluation of decomposition reactions |
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Authors: | B Roduit Ch Borgeat B Berger P Folly B Alonso J N Aebischer F Stoessel |
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Institution: | (1) Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions AKTS AG, TECHNO-Pôle, http://www.akts.com, 3960 Siders, Switzerland;(2) Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions AKTS AG, TECHNO-Pôle, http://www.akts.com, 3960 Siders, Switzerland;(3) armasuisse, Science and Technology Centre, http://www.armasuisse.ch, 3602 Thun, Switzerland;(4) armasuisse, Science and Technology Centre, http://www.armasuisse.ch, 3602 Thun, Switzerland;(5) University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, http://www.eif.ch, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland;(6) University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, http://www.eif.ch, 1705 Fribourg, Switzerland;(7) Swiss Institute for the Promotion of Safety and Security (SWISSI), http://www.swissi.ch, 4002 Basel, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | Summary An advanced kinetic study on the thermal behaviour of pyrotechnic ignition mixtures has been carried out by differential scanning calorimetry using different B/KNO3 mixtures (50:50, 30:70, 20:80) as a model reaction. The experimental conditions applied (isochoric conditions/closed crucibles and isobaric conditions/open crucibles) as well as the composition of the mixtures noticeably influences the relative thermal stabilities of the energetic materials. The kinetic study focused on the prediction of the thermal stability of the different mixtures both in extended temperature ranges and under temperature conditions at which ordinary investigation would be very difficult. Using advanced numerical tools 1], thermal ageing and influence of the complex thermal environment on the heat accumulation conditions were computed. This can be done for any surrounding temperature profile such as isothermal, non-isothermal, stepwise, modulated, shock, adiabatic conditions and additionally for temperature profiles reflecting real atmospheric temperature changes (yearly temperature profiles of different climates with daily minimal and maximal fluctuations). Applications of accurate decomposition kinetics enabled the determination of the time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMRad) with a precision given by the confidence interval of the predictions. This analysis can then be applied for the examination of the effects of the surrounding temperature for safe storage or transportation conditions (e.g. determination of the safe transport or storage temperatures). |
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Keywords: | ageing energetic materials decomposition kinetics thermal hazards time to maximum rate TMRad pyrotechnic ignition runaway reactions |
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