Rare earth dysprosium nickelate nanospheres for the selective electrochemical detection of antipsychotic drug perphenazine in biological samples

Currently, perphenazine (PPZ) is widely used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia, namely, a mental illness that reasons strong or improper emotions, loss of interest in life, and disturbed or abnormal thinking. In addition, the PPZ is exploited to control acute nausea and vomiting in adults, and it acts by reducing unusual excitement in the brain. Accordingly, we report a novel dysprosium nickelate (DyNiO₃)-modified electrodes were used to detect PPZ. The DyNiO₃ nanospheres were synthesized via the coprecipitation method. The excellent electron transport behavior and electrocatalytic activity of DyNiO₃-modified screen-printed electrode (SPCE) were used in the electro-oxidation of PPZ. The constructed DyNiO₃-500°C/SPCE sensor has a broad linear range and a low detection limit of 0.04–761.6 μM and 0.006 μM, respectively. The resultant-modified sensor demonstrates appreciable reproducibility, selectivity, repeatability, cyclic, and storage stability toward PPZ detection. The practicability of the reported fabricated electrode was investigated in human biological samples (urine and serum) spiked with PPZ, and the correlated recoveries were acceptable.