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Method development for fingerprinting of biodiesel blends by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors:Yang Zeyu  Hollebone Bruce P  Wang Zhendi  Yang Chun  Landriault Mike
Institution:Emergencies Science and Technology Section (ESTS), Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. yangzeyu72@163.com
Abstract:A method based on the combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for detailed chemical fingerprinting of biodiesel/petrodiesel blends was developed in the present study. Forensic identification, commonly referred to as chemical fingerprinting, is based on the relative distributions of individual aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acid alkyl esters, and free sterols. Fractionation of fuel samples is optimized for the separation of fatty acid esters and free sterols from petroleum hydrocarbons into four fractions: aliphatic, aromatic, fatty acid ester, and polar components. The final recoveries of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were determined to be in the range of 65-103%, 73-105% for FAMEs, and 78-103% for free sterols in the polar fraction. Excellent separation with negligible crossover of components with different polarities between fractions was observed. Quantitative analysis of blend levels and individual chemical distribution were achieved. The method has great potential for the identification of biodiesel in diesel fuel blends and could form the basis of a method for characterization of biodiesel-contaminated environmental samples.
Keywords:Biodiesel blends  Environmental forensics  Fingerprinting  GC/MS  Solid‐phase extraction
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