转子在线自动平衡及其工程应用研究的进展

转子在线自动平衡技术可以在旋转机械运行期间调整其不平衡量来及时降低振动, 使其始终稳定运行.早期的自动平衡装置始于19世纪末, 包括液体型、环型、球型和摆锤型；20世纪60年代开始研究的自动平衡装置主要包括喷涂型、电腐蚀型、电子光束型、激光型和电化学型；20世纪后期研究的自动平衡装置主要包括电动机型和遥控型；现代的自动平衡装置主要包括液压型、电磁型和电磁轴承型.综述了国内外各种旋转机械在线自动平衡装置的结构和工作原理, 重点介绍了液压型和电磁型自动平衡装置的结构和控制原理.讨论了在线自动平衡技术最新的研究成果, 列举了在线自动平衡技术的工程应用实例, 介绍了应用电磁型自动平衡装置解决柔性弯曲转子和立式超重力机转子振动的试验.转子在线自动平衡技术已经大量应用到机械加工设备, 如磨床等, 显著提高了加工精度；有些还应用于流程工业中大型的旋转机械上, 如汽轮机、风机和压缩机等, 取得了巨大的经济效益.高可靠性的平衡执行机构和高效的控制策略等关键问题尚未完全解决. 

ADVANCE OF THE ROTOR ON-LINE ACTIVE BALANCING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

Active balancing technology can reduce vibration in time by the adjusting the unbalanced state during the operation of a rotating machine,so as to keep it in a stable state.Early balancing devices,dat- ing from the late of the 19th century,include those of liquid type,ring type,ball type and pendulum type; beginning from the middle of the 1960s one sees spraying type,electro-erosion type,electro-ray type,laser type and electrochemical type;and beginning from the late of the 20~(th) century,motor type and remote control type;and modern balancing devices include those of hydraulic type,electromagnetic type and electromagnetic bearing type.The mechanical structures and operating principles of each type of on-line automatic balancing devices used in the rotating machine at home and abroad are summarized in this paper.The hydraulic and electromagnetic balancing devices are particularly addressed.The current research findings on the on-line active balancing technology are discussed,and the engineering application examples are given.The experiments using the electromagnetic active balancing device to solve the vibration problem of the flexible rotor with bending fault and the hypergravity machine rotor are introduced.The on-line active balancing technology has been applied to the machining tools to improve the working accuracy,such as the grinding machine.The active balancing devices have been used in the large-sized rotating machines with tremendous economic returns,such as steam turbines,fans and compressor engines.Some key problems including the balancing actuator with high reliability and the control strategy with high efficiency have not been completely solved.