Rapid Sample Screening Method for Authenticity Controlling of Vanilla Flavours Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection Using Aluminium-Doped Zirconia Nanoparticles-Modified Electrode |
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Authors: | Yassine Benmassaoud Khaled Murtada Rachid Salghi Mohammed Zougagh ngel Ríos |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.B.); (K.M.); (M.Z.);2.Analytical-NANO-Group, Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;3.Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Ecole Nationale Des Sciences Appliquées (ENSA), Université Ibn Zohr, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir 80000, Morocco; |
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Abstract: | A rapid and sensitive technique for frauds determination in vanilla flavors was developed. The method comprises separation by liquid chromatography followed by an electrochemical detection using a homemade screen-printed carbon electrode modified with aluminium-doped zirconia nanoparticles (Al-ZrO2-NPs/SPCE). The prepared nanomaterials (Al-ZrO2-NPs) were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). This method allows for the determination of six phenolic compounds of vanilla flavors, namely, vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid and ethyl vanillin in a linear range between 0.5 and 25 µg g−1, with relative standard deviation values from 2.89 to 4.76%. Meanwhile, the limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.10 to 0.14 µg g−1 and 0.33 to 0.48 µg g−1, respectively. In addition, the Al-ZrO2-NPs/SPCE method displayed a good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and good selectivity towards the determination of the vanilla phenolic compounds, making it suitable for the determination of vanilla phenolic compounds in vanilla real extracts products. |
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Keywords: | aluminium doped zirconia nanoparticles screen-printed carbon electrode HPLC-electrochemical detection vanilla food samples |
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