β-衰变中容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的衰变规律

在考虑容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的基础上, 对远离β稳定线附近原子核的β^-衰变寿命进行了系统的研究, 发现对于远离β稳定线的原子核的β^-衰变寿命, 其容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁寿命(T_1/2)与母核的质子数和中子数之间存在指数规律. 利用这个规律, 计算了β^-衰变中的容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁(包括一级禁戒跃迁和二级禁戒跃迁)的衰变寿命, 理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好. 在此基础上, 对于一些核素的β^-衰变寿命进行预言, 这对于核物理和天体物理中β^-衰变研究具有重要意义.

Decay law of allowed and forbidden transitions in β-decay half-lives

β-beta-decay half-lives are not only important parameters for studying the structures and decay properties of the exotic nucleus far from stability, but also basic parameters for understanding the astrophysical phenomenon. Astrophysicists need exact data of β-decay half-lives as input to build nucleosynthesis models for understanding the elements abundances of our universe and solar system. For nuclei far from stability, experimental synthesis and further measurements on their half-lives are rather difficult due to the rarity and radioactivity of target material for synthesizing these nuclei. In theoretical respect, although there are many models such as finite-range droplet model plus quasi-particle random-phase approximation (QRPA), microscopic density functional theory plus QRPA, Hatree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory plus QRPA, and shell model etc., it is still a challenge to calculate β-decay half-lives in a reliable way for nuclei far from the β-stable line, partly because of the intrinsic complexity of nuclear multi-body problem. In empirical respect, Sargent made an empirical study of β-decay half-lives in 1933 and discovered a law which is consistent with the Fermi β-decay theory proposed one year later. From then on, there have been a few parametric models based on some of real physical behaviors, which describe complex quantum many-body systems, such as the Kratz-Herrmann formula and the gross theory. Recently, Zhang et al. discovered an exponential law describing β-decay half-lives and the nucleon number (Z,N) of parent nuclei far from the stable line. A formula is proposed to calculate the β-decay half-lives of nuclei far from stability, which can describe experimental data reasonably well. However, the differences between allowed transitions and forbidden transitions are not fully considered in this formula. Zhang et al. used a set of parameters to describe both allowed transitions and forbidden transitions. In this paper, we consider the different β-decay half-lives of allowed transitions and forbidden transitions, and propose an updated parameterization of this formula. A set of parameters is obtained through fitting experimental data of different kinds of transitions with a least-square method. With these new parameters, the theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculation accuracy is improved compared with previous version. By comparison with the complicated and time-consuming microscopic calculation, the improved exponential formula can give the results of -decay half-lives for the allowed transitions and the forbidden transitions in an effective and reliable way. According to the updated formula, we predict half-lives of β^--decay half-lives of some unknown nuclei far from the -stable line. These predictions are very useful references for the experimental study of β^--decay of nuclei far from stability and for astrophysical applications.