Dynamics in the Schwarzschild Isosceles Three Body Problem

The Schwarzschild potential, defined as \(U(r)=-A/r-B/r^3\) , where \(r\) is the relative distance between two mass points and \(A,B>0\) , models astrophysical and stellar dynamics systems in a classical context. In this paper we present a qualitative study of a three mass point system with mutual Schwarzschild interaction where the motion is restricted to isosceles configurations at all times. We retrieve the relative equilibria and provide the energy–momentum diagram. We further employ appropriate regularization transformations to analyze the behavior of the flow near triple collision. We emphasize the distinct features of the Schwarzschild model when compared to its Newtonian counterpart. We prove that, in contrast to the Newtonian case, on any level of energy the measure of the set on initial conditions leading to triple collision is positive. Further, whereas in the Newtonian problem triple collision is asymptotically reached only for zero angular momentum, in the Schwarzschild problem the triple collision is possible for nonzero total angular momenta (e.g., when two of the mass points spin infinitely many times around the center of mass). This phenomenon is known in celestial mechanics as the black-hole effect and is understood as an analog in the classical context of behavior near a Schwarzschild black hole. Also, while in the Newtonian problem all triple collision orbits are necessarily homothetic, in the Schwarzschild problem this is not necessarily true. In fact, in the Schwarzschild problem there exist triple collision orbits that are neither homothetic nor homographic.