Kinetics of atoms in an elliptically polarized standing wave

We examine the kinetics of atoms with their ground and excited states being degenerate in the projection of angular momentum. The atoms are located in a standing wave with uniform elliptical polarization. Using the j _g =1/2→j _e =1/2 transition as an example, we show that the friction and diffusion of atoms strongly depend on the ellipticity of the field. For instance, in the low saturation limit the frictional force contains, in addition to the ordinary Doppler friction term, a term that can be interpreted as Sisyphean friction. Under certain conditions, the contributions reflecting the degeneracy of the ground state are dominant, with the result that the values of the friction and diffusion coefficients (and hence the rate of kinetic processes) may differ from the values predicted by the two-level atomic model by several orders of magnitude. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 115, 791–804 (March 1999)