On goal programming formulations of the reference point method

This paper discusses connections between the multi-criteria techniques of goal programming (GP) and the reference point method (RPM). Both approaches use a certain target point in the criterion (outcome) space as a key element to model decision maker preferences. Therefore, RPM can be expressed, similarly to GP, in the modelling framework of deviational variables. The paper gives a systematic survey and analysis of the lexicographic GP models of RPM. The corresponding preference models are formalised and analysed with respect to target values interpretations as well as the Pareto efficiency of their solutions. The properties of equity among the individual achievements of solutions are also analysed with respect to the Rawlsian principle of justice.