Multiple cover formula of generalized DT invariants I: Parabolic stable pairs

In this paper, we introduce the notion of parabolic stable pairs on Calabi–Yau 3-folds and invariants counting them. By applying the wall-crossing formula developed by Joyce–Song, Kontsevich–Soibelman, we see that they are related to generalized Donaldson–Thomas invariants counting one dimensional semistable sheaves on Calabi–Yau 3-folds. Consequently, the conjectural multiple cover formula of generalized DT invariants is shown to be equivalent to a certain product expansion formula of the generating series of parabolic stable pair invariants. The application of this result to the multiple cover formula will be pursued in the subsequent paper.