The Pre-Lie Structure of the Time-Ordered Exponential

The usual time-ordering operation and the corresponding time-ordered exponential play a fundamental role in physics and applied mathematics. In this work, we study a new approach to the understanding of time-ordering relying on recent progress made in the context of enveloping algebras of pre-Lie algebras. Various general formulas for pre-Lie and Rota–Baxter algebras are obtained in the process. Among others, we recover the noncommutative analog of the classical Bohnenblust–Spitzer formula, and get explicit formulae for operator products of time-ordered exponentials.