Electrochemical Determination of the KRAS Genetic Marker for Colon Cancer with Modified Graphete and Graphene Paste Electrodes |
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| Authors: | Ahmed Jassim Muklive Al-Ogaidi Livia Alexandra Gugoasa Marcela-Corina Rosu Crina Socaci |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University Politehnica, Bucharest, Romania;2. Applied Sciences Department, Branch of Applied Chemistry, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq;3. Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania;4. National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania |
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| Abstract: | The determination of KRAS was performed using electrochemical sensing devices based on graphite and graphene pastes, modified with a phthalocyanine-boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and azulenes dyes. The limits of quantification for KRAS were 1.54?×?10?4?µg/mL using the sensor based on the phthalocyanine-BODIPY dye and graphite, 2.64?×?10?7?µg/mL using the sensor based on 2,6-bis((E)-2-(furan-2-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine/TiO2Pt/reduced graphene oxide, and 3.84?×?10?3?µg/mL using the sensor based on 2,6-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyridine/TiO2Pt/reduced graphene oxide. Recovery measurements demonstrated the suitable analytical performance of these sensors for the early detection of colon cancer by the analysis of whole blood samples. |
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| Keywords: | Colon cancer differential pulse voltammetry electrochemical sensor KRAS scanning electron microscopy transmission electron microscopy whole blood |
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