Effects of Orange Leaves Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant and Phenolic Content: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology |
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Authors: | Sengul Uysal Aleksandra Cvetanovi? Gokhan Zengin Sa?a ?urovi? Zoran Zekovi? Abdurrahman Aktumsek |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Republic of Turkey;2. Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia;3. Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia |
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Abstract: | In the last few years, bioactive components or their extraction techniques are gaining special interest in scientific areas. In this framework, orange leaves were used for preparation of extracts with high content of biologically active compounds. To optimize the extraction process, three levels and three variables of Box–Behnken design with response surface methodology were applied. Investigated responses were the total phenolic content (TPC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Independent variables were methanol concentration (10–90%), temperature (20–60°C), and extraction time (60–180?min). Experimentally obtained results were fit into a second-order polynomial model with multiple regression. Analysis of variance was used to estimate model fitness and determine optimal conditions for processing. Estimated optimal conditions were 90% methanolic solution, 60°C and 180?min using these parameters; the predicted values of investigated responses were 43.19?mg GAE/g (GAE: gallic acid equivalents), 43.04?mg TE/g (TE: trolox equivalents), 139.34 and 93.76?mg TE/g for TPC, DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP, respectively. The obtained optimal conditions could be considered as an alternative strategy for developing novel functional products. |
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Keywords: | Box–Behnken design extraction process optimization orange leaves response surface methodology |
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