Boundary layer structure of oscillatory open-channel shallow flows over smooth and rough beds |
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| Authors: | Daoyi Chen Chaoquan Chen Fu-Ee Tang Peter Stansby Ming Li |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;(2) School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;(3) Curtin University of Technology Sarawak Campus, CDT 250 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia;(4) School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK;(5) Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK |
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| Abstract: | The boundary layer structure of oscillatory shallow open channel flows has been studied in a wide flume. Fluorescence solution
was released at a porous rough bed through a diffuser covered by gravel of 0.5 cm grain size. A planar laser-induced fluorescence
(PLIF) system was used to visualise the dye plumes in both vertical and horizontal planes for a qualitative understanding
of the roles of large-scale flow structures in mass transport. A variety of tests were conducted for a range of oscillatory
periods (30–240 s), water depths (3–16 cm) and velocity amplitudes (0.027–0.325 m/s), which cover a wide range of oscillatory
flows with Reynolds numbers Re
a
varied from 0.3 × 104 (laminar) to 2.1 × 106 (fully turbulent). For quantitative investigation, a novel technique, namely combined laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and
2D laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) (LIF/LDV), was developed and used to measure the velocity and solute concentration simultaneously
in a vertical plane over 50 cycles. From the dye plumes revealed by the PLIF in transitional flows, there are different patterns
of flow structure and solute transport with three representative stages of acceleration, deceleration and flow reversal. In
the acceleration stage, turbulence was suppressed with dye layers adhering to the surface with little vertical mass transport.
In the deceleration stage, flame-like turbulent structures occurred when turbulence generation was prominent. This was investigated
quantitatively by recording the percentage occurrence of the adhered smooth layers per cycle. For those smooth bed cases with
Re
a
< 1.8 × 105, the adhered smooth dye layers type of boundary layer occupied 100% of the oscillation period. Over a sufficiently high Re
a
, a rough bed can generate fully turbulent oscillatory flows without the appearance of adhering dye layers. Between these
two extremes, a transitional flow regime occurs in a wide range of flow conditions: Re
a
> 2.7 × 104 over the rough bed and Re
a
> 8.3 × 106 over a smooth bed. |
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