Optimal use of instrumental neutron and photon activation analyses for multielement determinations in sewage sludges

A combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and instrumental photon activation analysis (IPAA) methods has been developed for multielement determinations in a variety of sludges and fertilizers. The precision and accuracy of both the methods have been evaluated by analyzing replicate samples, NBS standard reference materials, and an interlaboratory intercomparison sewage sludge sample. The concentration rages of up to 50 elements in raw and chemical sludges, sludge-based fertilizers, and other organic and inorganic fertilizers are reported here. The advantages and limitations of the INAA and IPAA methods are also discussed here.