Effect of model potential of adsorptive bond on the thermodynamic properties of adsorbed CO molecules on Ni(111) surface

The effect of anharmonicity on the adsorption of CO molecules on the Ni(111) surface has been investigated. The DFT calculations are used to obtain the effective adsorption potential of the CO molecule on the Ni(111) surface. First, using an appropriate slab model, the geometry of adsorption system corresponding to hcp, fcc, bridge, and on-top sites with p(2 x 2) arrangement and coverage of 0.25 ML is optimized by the DFT calculations using a plane wave basis set and ultrasoft pseudopotentials; this gives the hcp site as the most stable site with De = 185 kJ/mol, for which the equilibrium distance of CO from the surface and C-O bond length on the surface are found to be 1.31 and 1.192 A, respectively. Then, the potential function of adsorption versus adsorptive bond distance was plotted, which is significantly different from that of a harmonic oscillator, i.e., the anharmonicity for the adsorptive bond is significant. Also the harmonic and anharmonic shifts of vibrational frequencies of adsorptive and C-O bonds are calculated to be -22.6 and 7.8 cm(-1), respectively. Hence, two potential models are selected for which their Schr?dinger equations are solved analytically, namely the hard repulsion-soft attraction (HS) and Morse potential (MP) models. The adsorption isotherms, internal energy, isochoric heat capacity, and entropy of adsorbed CO molecules have been calculated for the mentioned model potentials and compared with those of the harmonic oscillator (H). As a result, the adsorption isotherms are not considerably sensitive to the model potential. The anharmonicity of CO-Ni bond, which is included in HS and MP models, gives an average deviation in pressure as much as 1.4% for HS and 5.8% for MP, compared to 6.1% for the H model. However, isochoric heat capacity and entropy depend on the model potential significantly, and the differences may be as high as 69% and 55% for isochoric heat capacity and entropy, respectively.