土壤样品中微塑料的分析方法研究进展

微塑料作为一种新型污染物,因其粒径小、难以降解、本身含有多种污染物、且易吸附疏水性有机污染物和重金属等产生复合污染,已成为国内外学者研究的热点问题。微塑料广泛存在于土壤环境中,进入土壤中的微塑料会影响土壤理化性质,同时影响土壤动物生长、植物生长和微生物活动等,并且,微塑料会在土壤中发生迁移或沿食物链传递从而对人类健康构成潜在风险。高效、统一、准确的微塑料分析方法是研究微塑料在土壤中分布、迁移、归趋和生态风险的基础。本文对近年来土壤中微塑料的采集、分离提取、鉴定量化和分析方法的质量保证等方面的研究进展进行了评述,比较了各个方法的优缺点及应用范围。最后,结合国内外微塑料污染最新研究进展,针对目前土壤微塑料分析方法存在的问题,对今后土壤微塑料分析技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Microplastics in Soil Samples

As new type of pollutants, microplastics have become hot topics for scholars at home and abroad, because they have small particle size, are difficultly degraded, contain a variety of pollutants, and absorb hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals. Microplastics widely exist in the soil environment. The microplastics entering the soil might affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as the growth of soil animals, plants and microorganisms. Moreover, microplastics will migrate in the soil or pass along the food chain, posing potential risks to human health. Efficient, uniform and accurate analysis methods of microplastics are the basis for studying the distribution, migration, fate and ecological risk of microplastics in soil. In this paper, the research progress on the collection, separation, extraction, identification, quantification of microplastics in soil, and the quality control of analytical methods in recent years were reviewed. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods and the application scope were compared. Finally, on the basis of the latest research progress on microplastic pollution at home and abroad, the development trend of analysis technology of soil microplastics in the future was prospected.