New Catalysts of the Metal-Filamentary Carbon Type: From Fundamental Research to Technology

A principally new basic catalytic system is developed. The system is based on dispersed metal particles incorporated into carbon filaments by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons on these particles. The basic system enables one to synthesize a series of catalysts for different processes. Mechanisms and methods for controlling the catalytic properties of this system are studied. The role of the crystal faces of the metal particles and of chemisorbed hydrogen species in selective hydrogenation is established. The chemical composition of the active component is optimized for the removal of acetylene from ethylene and of butadiene from butenes. A technology for catalyst precursor preparation is developed, which includes a mechanochemical activation stage and the shaping of the resulting powder. Optimum conditions are found for hydrocarbon decomposition in order to obtain metal-carbon catalysts for selective hydrogenation.