A highly efficient catalytic system for cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and bromides with malononitrile anion by palladium carbene complexes |
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Authors: | Gao Chengwei Tao Xiaochun Qian Yanlong Huang Jiling |
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Institution: | Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. |
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Abstract: | Six imidazolium chlorides (1-6) as precursors of 1,3-diaryl substituted N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were synthesized and evaluated in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides and bromides with malononitrile in the presence of NaH. Among them, 1,3-bis(2,4,6-triethylphenyl)imidazolium chloride (5) and 1,3-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)imidazolium chloride (6) are novel. The catalytic system combining Pd(0) with imidazolium salts 4, 5 and 6 with bulky aryl groups in pyridine is found to be superior over others and afforded alpha-arylmalononitriles in high yields when employing a wide variety of substrates. |
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