Magnetic properties of nano-crystalline Gd- or Pr-substituted CoFe2O4 synthesized by the citrate precursor technique |
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| Institution: | 1. Max-plank institute fur Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilheim-platz1, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan;3. National Lien-Ho Institute of Technology, 360 Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India;2. Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 5, India;1. Department of Physics, DSB Campus Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India;2. Department of Physics, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India;3. UGC-DAE CSR, Khandwa Road, DAVV Campus, Indore 452017, Madhya Pradesh, India;1. King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India;3. Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, PR China;4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria;5. Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171005, India;6. Department of Physics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India;7. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;4. Deanship of Preparatory Year, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 34221, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia;4. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;5. KAUST university, Polymer Chemistry, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Physics, Bolu Abanat Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Turkey;7. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali-Adana, Turkey;1. Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;2. Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;3. Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | The magnetic properties of nano-crystalline CoMxFe2?xO4 (where M=Gd and Pr and x=0, 0.1 and 0.2) powders prepared by a citrate precursor technique have been studied by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The crystallite sizes of the materials were varied by altering the synthetic conditions and are within the range of a minimum of 6.8 nm and a maximum of 87.5 nm. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements. TG study indicates the formation of the spinel ferrite phase at 220°C. The phase identification of the materials by XRD reveals the single-phase nature of the materials. The room temperature saturation magnetization of the ferrite materials decreases with the reduction of size. This has been attributed to the presence of superparamagnetic fractions in the materials and spin canting at the surface of nano-particles. Insertion of rare-earth atoms in the crystal lattice inhibits the grain growth of the materials in a systematic manner compared with that of the pure cobalt ferrite materials. The improved coercivity compared with those for the pure cobalt ferrites is attributed to the contribution from the single ion anisotropy of the rare-earth ions present in the crystal lattice and the surface effects resulting in alteration of magnetic structures on the surface of nano-particles. |
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