Extraction and Stabilization of Betalains from Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Wastes Using Deep Eutectic Solvents |
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Authors: | Omar A Hernndez-Aguirre Claudia Muro Evelyn Hernndez-Acosta Yolanda Alvarado María del Carmen Díaz-Nava |
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Institution: | División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tecnológico S/N, Colonia Agrícola Bellavista, Metepec 52149, Mexico; (O.A.H.-A.); (E.H.-A.); (Y.A.); (M.d.C.D.-N.) |
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Abstract: | Deep eutectic solvents (DES) using magnesium chloride hexahydrate MgCl2·6H2O] and urea U] proportions (1:1) and (2:1), were prepared for their use as extracting and stabilizer agents for red and violet betalains from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) waste. The synthetized DES MgCl2·6H2O] U] showed similar properties to eutectic mixtures, such as, liquid phase, low melting points and conductivity, thermal stability, and variable viscosity. In turn, betalain DES extracts (2:1) exhibited compatibility in the extraction and recovery of betalains from beetroot wastes, showing a betalain content comparable to that of betalain extracts. Betalain stability was determined by degradation tests; the exposure conditions were visible light (12 h), molecular oxygen from atmospheric air and environmental temperature (20–27 °C) for 40 days. The kinetic curves of the betalain degradation of water samples depicted a first-order model, indicating the alteration of a violet colouration of betalains from beetroot waste for 5–7 days. However, betalains from DES extracts were kept under visible light for 150 days, and for 340 days in storage (amber vessels), achieving a stability of 75% in comparison with initial beet extracts. |
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Keywords: | deep eutectic solvents beetroot wastes betalain pigments extraction degradation stability viscosity kinetic model food application |
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