Chloride ion catalyzed conformational inversion of carbocation intermediates in the hydrolysis of a benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide

A highly efficient procedure for converting 7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-9alpha,10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (1) to its trans-9,10-chlorohydrin (5) with excellent yield and purity by the reaction of anhydrous HCl in THF has been developed. The rate of reaction of 5 has been determined as a function of sodium chloride concentration in 1:1 dioxane-water solutions. A large common ion rate depression for the reaction of the chlorohydrin was observed, and the rate data are fit to a mechanism in which all of the tetrol products are formed by the reaction of water with the C-10 carbocation intermediate. Yet, the cis/trans ratio of tetrols from the reaction of the carbocation intermediate from the hydrolysis of chlorohydrin 5 is different than the cis/trans tetrol ratio from the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of diol epoxide 1, which hydrolyzes via a carbocation with the same connectivity as that formed in the hydrolysis of 5. To rationalize these results, it is proposed that the S(N)1 reaction of chlorohydrin 5 yields a different distribution of carbocation conformations than that formed from the reaction of 1 with H(+). The energy barrier for the inversion of these carbocation conformations must be large relative to the energy barriers for the reaction of each carbocation conformation with water. In solutions containing sufficient concentrations of chloride ion, however, a lower energy pathway via a halohydrin exists for the interconversion of the carbocation conformations. Thus, chloride ion catalyzes the interconversion of these two carbocation conformations.