High-frequency modulated signals of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the North Pacific |
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Authors: | Simonis Anne E Baumann-Pickering Simone Oleson Erin Melcón Mariana L Gassmann Martin Wiggins Sean M Hildebrand John A |
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Affiliation: | Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0205, USA. asimonis@ucsd.edu |
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Abstract: | Killer whales in the North Pacific, similar to Atlantic populations, produce high-frequency modulated signals, based on acoustic recordings from ship-based hydrophone arrays and autonomous recorders at multiple locations. The median peak frequency of these signals ranged from 19.6-36.1 kHz and median duration ranged from 50-163 ms. Source levels were 185-193 dB peak-to-peak re: 1 μPa at 1 m. These uniform, repetitive, down-swept signals are similar to bat echolocation signals and possibly could have echolocation functionality. A large geographic range of occurrence suggests that different killer whale ecotypes may utilize these signals. |
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