有序化膜电极研究进展

燃料电池的性能方面在近年来有很大提高，但要实现商业化其成本和Pt用量需要进一步的降低. 大量的文献工作证明了有序化膜电极有助于提高电极中催化剂的利用率、降低Pt的用量以及增加反应的三相界面，特别是3M公司制备的纳米薄膜电极（NSTFs）是一种高活性，高稳定性的薄膜状催化层，从而电极稳定性也大幅提高. 此外也有不少工作使用导电性好的碳纳米管阵列，以及稳定性高的金属氧化物阵列等作为这种3D结构催化层中催化剂的有序载体，研究进一步提高Pt基催化剂的活性，降低Pt担载量，构效关系等一些基础性的工作. 但是总体上看，现有的有序化膜电极，均需要进一步改进. 本文评述了目前国内外有序化膜电极的研究现状.

The Progress of Order-Structured Membrane Electrode Assembly

Performances of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been recently improved. However, the cost and Pt loading must be further reduced for the commercialization of PEMFCs. Previous researches have proved that the order-structured electrode is beneficial to the effective utilization of Pt-based catalysts, decreasing the Pt loading and increasing the three-phase boundary for reaction. Especially, the nanostructure thin films (NSTFs) electrode, an ultra-thin catalytic layer developed by 3M Company, demonstrates high performance and durability. Besides, some other researchers have employed the high conductive carbon nanotube arrays or high stable metal oxide arrays as the order-structured catalyst supports for fundamental researches (such as, improving the Pt-specific activity, decreasing the catalysts loading or studying the essential relationships between electrode performance and structure). However, further improvement in the present advanced catalytic layer is required. This article reviews the recent developments of the order-structured catalytic layer.