关于煤矿中“突出”的理论——对慕尼黑工业大学矿业力学研究的介绍(特约稿)

本文总结了慕尼黑工业大学关于煤矿中突出问题的研究。首先,指出了易发生突出的材料的一个主要力学特征,是材料参数在破坏后效区快速下降。接着,将简化弹塑性理论(或称初等理论)应用于研究突出,揭示了突出的某些基本机理。还详细讨论了临近巷道存在坍塌及考虑煤层内部剪应力时对突出的影响。最后给出了把坍塌形成当作突出处理以及把煤层顶底板岩石当作弹性体考虑的结果。将理论结果与现场现象进行了对比,并对预报及防止突出的方法用力学观点给予了解释。

THE THEORY OF BUMPS IN COAL MINES——An Introduction to the Study of Mining Mechanics at the T.U.Munich, F.R.Germany (Invited)

This paper gives a review on the theory of bumps in coal mines at the Technical University of Munich, F.R.Germany. At first, the steep post-failure decrease of the material parameters is considered as the main characteristics of the material responsible for its pronencss to rock bursting. Then a simplified elasto-plastic theory, referred as an elementary theory in the text, is applied to the translatory bumps and some basic mechanisms of the bump are revealed. It is followed by a discussion on the effects o...